Ping command using raw socket

Implementation of an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ping" in Python without using any external packages:

import socket
import struct
import time

# Create a raw socket to receive ICMP packets
icmp = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_RAW, socket.getprotobyname("icmp"))

# Set a timeout for the socket
icmp.settimeout(3)

# Create the checksum of the data that will be sent
def checksum(data):
    csum = 0
    countTo = (len(data) // 2) * 2
    count = 0

    while count < countTo:
        thisVal = data[count+1] * 256 + data[count]
        csum = csum + thisVal
        csum = csum & 0xffffffff
        count = count + 2

    if countTo < len(data):
        csum = csum + data[len(data) - 1]
        csum = csum & 0xffffffff

    csum = (csum >> 16) + (csum & 0xffff)
    csum = csum + (csum >> 16)
    answer = ~csum
    answer = answer & 0xffff

    answer = answer >> 8 | (answer << 8 & 0xff00)
    return answer

# Send an ICMP "ping" request to a target host
def ping(host):
    # Set the destination IP address
    destination_ip = socket.gethostbyname(host)

    # Build the ICMP header
    header = struct.pack("!BBHHH", 8, 0, 0, 1, 1)
    data = struct.pack("!d", time.time())
    packet = header + data
    packet = packet[0:8] + struct.pack("H", checksum(packet)) + packet[10:]

    # Send the ICMP packet to the target host
    icmp.sendto(packet, (destination_ip, 1))

    # Wait for a response from the target host
    try:
        _, address = icmp.recvfrom(1024)
        address = address[0]
    except socket.timeout:
        return None

    # Return the address of the host that responded to the ping request
    return address

# Example usage
host = "www.google.com"
response = ping(host)
if response:
    print("Ping to", host, "was successful. Host IP:", response)
else:
    print("Ping to", host, "timed out.")

Keep in mind that raw sockets may require elevated permissions on some systems, and that this code may not work on all platforms.

Read more

- [socket](https://docs.python.org/3/library/socket.html)